Survival Ready Blog, Outdoor Survival Gear & Skills, SHTF , Survival Skills, Preppers, Survival Gear, Survival Kits
  • Home
  • About
    • Team & Contributors
  • Survival Skills
    • Wilderness Survival
    • Hunting, Trapping & Fishing >
      • Hunting
      • Trapping
      • Fishing >
        • Improvised Fishing Gear
    • Fire Making >
      • How to Light A Fire
      • 101 Ways to Start A Fire
    • Water Sourcing >
      • Water Storing & Filtering
    • Shelter Building
    • First Aid
    • Psychology Of Survival
    • Urban Survival
    • Financial Survival
    • Self Defense >
      • Self Defense in Real Life
      • Self Defense For Women
      • Crime Prevention Series
  • Survival Gear
    • Battle Proven Bug-out Bag Gear
    • Outdoor Survival Gear
    • Homemade Survival Kits
    • Survival Knives
    • 101 Uses for Paracord
    • Survival Gear Reviews
    • Crisis Tested Bug-out Bag
  • Survival Kits
    • Disaster Preparedness Kit
    • Best Wilderness Survival Kits Gear
    • Emergency Food Storage
    • Emergency Survival Kits
    • Emergency Preparedness Kit
    • Survival Kit List
    • Urban Survival Kit
    • Military Survival Kits
  • Prepping
    • Blackout Preparedness
    • Emergency Preparedness
    • Gardening
    • DIY
    • Homesteading >
      • Food Preservation >
        • Canning Food
        • Canning Meat
        • Canning Soft Fruits and Berries
        • Canning Fish
    • Off Grid Living
    • Home Security & Defense
  • Products

Cold Weather Survival Basics

12/28/2014

1 Comment

 
By Survival Ready Blog Team
Picture
One of the most difficult survival situations is a cold weather scenario. Remember, cold weather is an adversary that can be as dangerous as an enemy soldier. Every time you venture into the cold, you are pitting yourself against the elements. With a little knowledge of the environment, proper plans, and appropriate equipment, you can overcome the elements. As you remove one or more of these factors, survival becomes increasingly difficult. Remember, winter weather is highly variable. Prepare yourself to adapt to blizzard conditions even during sunny and clear weather. 

This post is meant to address a few basics when dealing with cold weather, we will go more in depth in the medical aspects and potential cold related injuries and conditions in our post Cold Weather Injury Prevention and Treatment.


Cold is a far greater threat to survival than it appears. It decreases your ability to think and weakens your will to do anything except to get warm. Cold is an insidious enemy; as it numbs the mind and body, it subdues the will to survive. Cold makes it very easy to forget your ultimate goal, to survive.

COLD REGIONS AND LOCATIONS

Cold regions include arctic and subarctic areas and areas immediately adjoining them. You can classify about 48 percent of the northern hemisphere's total landmass as a cold region due to the influence and extent of air temperatures. Ocean currents affect cold weather and cause large areas normally included in the temperate zone to fall within the cold regions during winter periods. Elevation also has a marked effect on defining cold regions.

Within the cold weather regions, you may face two types of cold weather environments-wet or dry. Knowing in which environment your area of operations falls will affect planning and execution of a cold weather operation.

Wet Cold Weather Environments

Wet cold weather conditions exist when the average temperature in a 24-hour period is 10 degrees C or above. Characteristics of this condition are freezing during the colder night hours and thawing during the day. Even though the temperatures are warmer during this condition, the terrain is usually very sloppy due to slush and mud. You must concentrate on protecting yourself from the wet ground and from freezing rain or wet snow.

Dry Cold Weather Environments

Dry cold weather conditions exist when the average temperature in a 24-hour period remains below -10 degrees C. Even though the temperatures in this condition are much lower than normal, you do not have to contend with the freezing and thawing. In these conditions, you need more layers of inner clothing to protect you from temperatures as low as -60 degrees C. Extremely hazardous conditions exist when wind and low temperature combine.

WINDCHILL

Windchill increases the hazards in cold regions. Windchill is the effect of moving air on exposed flesh. For instance, with a 27.8-kph (15-knot) wind and a temperature of -10 degrees C, the equivalent windchill temperature is -23 degrees C.The table below gives the windchill factors for various temperatures and wind speeds. 


Picture
Remember, even when there is no wind, you will create the equivalent wind by skiing, running, being towed on skis behind a vehicle, working around aircraft that produce wind blasts.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COLD WEATHER SURVIVAL

It is more difficult for you to satisfy your basic water, food, and shelter needs in a cold environment than in a warm environment. Even if you have the basic requirements, you must also have adequate protective clothing and the will to survive. The will to survive is as important as the basic needs. There have been incidents when trained and well equipped individuals have not survived cold weather situations because they lacked the will to live. Conversely, this will has sustained individuals less well-trained and equipped.

There are many different items of cold weather equipment and clothing issued by the U.S. Army today. Specialized units may have access to newer, lightweight gear such as polypropylene underwear, GORE-TEX outerwear and boots, and other special equipment. Remember, however, the older gear will keep you warm as long as you apply a few cold weather principles. If the newer types of clothing are available, use them. If not, then your clothing should be entirely wool, with the possible exception of a windbreaker.

You must not only have enough clothing to protect you from the cold, you must also know how to maximize the warmth you get from it. For example, always keep your head covered. You can lose 40 to 45 percent of body heat from an unprotected head and even more from the unprotected neck, wrist, and ankles. These areas of the body are good radiators of heat and have very little insulating fat. The brain is very susceptible to cold and can stand the least amount of cooling. Because there is much blood circulation in the head, most of which is on the surface, you can lose heat quickly if you do not cover your head.

There are four basic principles to follow to keep warm. An easy way to remember these basic principles is to use the word COLD: 
C - Keep clothing clean.
O - Avoid overheating.
L - Wear clothes loose and in layers.
D - Keep clothing dry.


C - Keep clothing clean. This principle is always important for sanitation and comfort. In winter, it is also important from the standpoint of warmth. Clothes matted with dirt and grease lose much of their insulation value. Heat can escape more easily from the body through the clothing's crushed or filled up air pockets.

O - Avoid overheating. When you get too hot, you sweat and your clothing absorbs the moisture. This affects your warmth in two ways: dampness decreases the insulation quality of clothing, and as sweat evaporates, your body cools. Adjust your clothing so that you do not sweat. Do this by partially opening your parka or jacket, by removing an inner layer of clothing, by removing heavy outer mittens, or by throwing back your parka hood or changing to lighter headgear. The head and hands act as efficient heat dissipaters when overheated.

L - Wear your clothing loose and in layers. Wearing tight clothing and footgear restricts blood circulation and invites cold injury. It also decreases the volume of air trapped between the layers, reducing its insulating value. Several layers of lightweight clothing are better than one equally thick layer of clothing, because the layers have dead-air space between them. The dead-air space provides extra insulation. Also, layers of clothing allow you to take off or add clothing layers to prevent excessive sweating or to increase warmth.

D - Keep clothing dry. In cold temperatures, your inner layers of clothing can become wet from sweat and your outer layer, if not water repellent, can become wet from snow and frost melted by body heat. Wear water repellent outer clothing, if available. It will shed most of the water collected from melting snow and frost. Before entering a heated shelter, brush off the snow and frost. Despite the precautions you take, there will be times when you cannot keep from getting wet. At such times, drying your clothing may become a major problem. On the march, hang your damp mittens and socks on your rucksack. Sometimes in freezing temperatures, the wind and sun will dry this clothing. You can also place damp socks or mittens, unfolded, near your body so that your body heat can dry them. In a campsite, hang damp clothing inside the shelter near the top, using drying lines or improvised racks. You may even be able to dry each item by holding it before an open fire. Dry leather items slowly. If no other means are available for drying your boots, put them between your sleeping bag shell and liner. Your body heat will help to dry the leather.

A heavy, down-lined sleeping bag is a valuable piece of survival gear in cold weather. Ensure the down remains dry. If wet, it loses a lot of its insulation value. If you do not have a sleeping bag, you can make one out of parachute cloth or similar material and natural dry material, such as leaves, pine needles, or moss. Place the dry material between two layers of the material.

Other important survival items are survival knives, waterproof matches in a waterproof container, preferably one with a flint attached; a durable compass; map; watch; waterproof ground cloth and cover; flashlight; binoculars; dark glasses; fatty emergency foods; food gathering gear; and signaling items. See our Battle Proven Bugout Bag Here.

Remember, a cold weather environment can be very harsh. Give a good deal of thought to selecting the right equipment for survival in the cold. If unsure of an item you have never used, test it in an "overnight backyard" environment before venturing further. Once you have selected items that are essential for your survival, do not lose them after you enter a cold weather environment.

1 Comment
Raddimus
12/29/2014 12:07:19 am

Well gear like the compass is good but realisticly u should know east west south north principals by use of sun or moon, simple constellation knowlege is also a key to any survival situation. Store bought compasses often are faulty. Snow shelter or water proof shelter construction is also good to have. I have walked half way across the country. Lived in san bernadino natipnal forest for a month during the rainy season, miles from civilization and roads. These arw what I would consider key requisite to bugging out and surviving the elements.

Reply



Leave a Reply.

    Picture
    Picture
    Picture
    Survival Ready
    Picture
    Picture
    Picture
    Picture

    Categories

    All
    Blackout Preparedness
    Bugging Out With Disabilities
    Bugging Out With Pets
    Bug Out
    Camping
    Cold Weather Survival
    DIY
    Emergency Food Storage
    Emergency Preparedness
    Emergency Supplies
    Family Survival
    Firearms
    Fire Making
    First Aid
    Fishing
    Food Procurement
    Food Storage
    Gardening
    Home Defense
    Home Prepping
    Home Security
    Homesteading
    How To
    Hunting
    News
    Off Grid Living
    Pandemic Survival
    Prepping
    Prevent Food Spoiling
    Psychology Of Survival
    Self Defense
    Shelter Building
    Social Unrest Survival
    Survival Gear
    Survival Knives
    Survival Medicine
    Survival Team
    Tools
    Trapping
    Urban Survival
    Water Purification
    Water Sourcing
    Water Storage
    Water Treatment
    Weapons
    Wilderness Survival
    Winter Survival
    Zombie Survival Guide

    RSS Feed

    Picture
    Picture
Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.
Photo used under Creative Commons from New York National Guard